Laboratory spectroscopies

Anelastic spectroscopy

The anelastic spectroscopy measures the strain response to applied stress and is the mechanical analogue to the dielectric spectroscopy (polarization… Read More

Dielectric spectroscopy

Dielectric spectroscopy measures the response of electrical polarization of a medium to an applied electrical field. It is used for… Read More

Angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES)

Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) probes the electronic band structure of ordered solids near the Fermi level through the photoelectric effect.… Read More

Auger Spectroscopy (AES)

Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) is a surface and element sensitive technique that utilizes a variable high-energy (1-5 KeV) electron beam… Read More

Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS)

The EELS is a spectroscopic technique, which permits to measure the energy distribution transferred from an electron beam impinging on… Read More

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is considered among the effective techniques to study and understand the chemical and surface chemistry… Read More

Inverse photoemission spectroscopy (IPES)

The inverse photoemission spectroscopy (IPES) allows to investigate the electronic properties of empty states of solids, surfaces, adsorbate-gas-solid interfaces and… Read More

Photoluminescence (PL)

Photoluminescence (PL) is the most common characterization technique for materials used for photovoltaic and light-emitting applications. Incident photons are absorbed… Read More

Raman and micro-Raman spectroscopy

Raman Spectroscopy is a non-destructive chemical analysis technique that provides detailed information about chemical structure, phase and polymorphism, crystallinity and… Read More

Scanning tunnelling spectroscopy (STS)

Scanning tunnelling spectroscopy (STS) is a technique used in scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) to probe the local density of states… Read More

Spectral photoconductivity

The spectral photoconductivity is a powerful tool for measuring the bandgap energy and photoelectronic inter-band transitions in semiconductors, with the… Read More

Spectrally resolved total photoemission yield

The spectrally resolved photoemission is a tool for measuring work function of materials and electron affinity of semiconductors. The technique… Read More

Time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF MS)

Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical technique that measures the mass-to-charge (m/z) ratio of ions. The experiment is performed by… Read More

Total X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (TXRF)

Total X-rays Fluorescence (TXRF) is an ultra-sensitive surface elemental analysis technique. TXRF differs from other XRF techniques by its geometry:… Read More

UV-Vis spectroscopy

UV-VIS spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique to determine the optical properties (transmittance, reflectance and absorbance) of liquids and solids.… Read More

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies the chemical properties of solids through the photoelectric effect. In a XPS experiment a solid… Read More