Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) probes the electronic band structure of ordered solids near the Fermi level through the photoelectric effect. In a ARPES experiment a solid is irradiated with light of energy exceeding its work function. The photo-emitted electrons are collected as a function of kinetic energy and emission angle. From these observables it is possible to derive the binding energy-momentum relations of the electrons, i.e. the electronic band dispersion, as well as information about excitation processes in solids. As a surface sensitive technique ARPES requires ultra-high vacuum environmental conditions. Many types of light sources (UV lamps, lasers, synchrotrons) that are optimized for different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum are employed in ARPES experiments.
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